K-Means++ Centroid Initialization
K-Means Restarts with ARI Stability
K-Means on Raw vs Standardized Features
Vectorized K-Means with Lloyd's Algorithm
K-Medoids PAM on a Precomputed Distance Matrix
Nearest-Centroid Assigner With Outlier Cutoff
Online Mini-Batch K-Means With partial_fit
Vectorized Gower Distance with K-Medoids Clustering
K-Modes Clustering for Categorical Data
Ward's Linkage Merge Cost
Ward Linkage, Cophenetic Correlation and Distance Cut
Agglomerative Clustering Linkage Matrix
Cut a Linkage Matrix into Flat Labels
Cophenetic Distances and Correlation
K-Means vs DBSCAN on Non-Convex Data
Automatic DBSCAN Eps via Knee Detection
Mean Shift Clustering With Gaussian Kernel
Gaussian Mixtures Spectral Clustering
GMM Hard Labels With Entropy Uncertainty
GMM Model Selection by BIC
Sparse Mutual k-NN Affinity Graph
EM for Full-Covariance Gaussian Mixtures
Spectral Clustering From Scratch
Choosing K Internal Validation
Davies-Bouldin Index From Scratch
Calinski-Harabasz Index from Dispersions
Silhouette Score From Scratch in NumPy
Elbow Detection via Chord Distance
Silhouette-Driven Customer Segmentation Pipeline
Gap Statistic With One-Standard-Error Rule
External Validation Stability
Contingency Matrix, Purity and Adjusted Rand Index
NMI, Homogeneity, Completeness and V-Measure
Hungarian Alignment of Cluster Labels
Bootstrap Cluster Stability via Jaccard Matching
Consensus Clustering via Co-Association Matrix